o3 vs GPT-4.1 mini

Side-by-side benchmark comparison across knowledge, coding, math, and reasoning.

o3 is clearly ahead on the aggregate, 76 to 35. The gap is large enough that you do not need to squint at the spreadsheet to see the difference.

o3's sharpest advantage is in mathematics, where it averages 87.1 against 23.1. The single biggest benchmark swing on the page is AIME 2024, 90 to 23.1. GPT-4.1 mini does hit back in instruction following, so the answer changes if that is the part of the workload you care about most.

o3 is also the more expensive model on tokens at $10.00 input / $40.00 output per 1M tokens, versus $0.40 input / $1.60 output per 1M tokens for GPT-4.1 mini. That is roughly 25.0x on output cost alone. o3 is the reasoning model in the pair, while GPT-4.1 mini is not. That usually helps on harder chain-of-thought-heavy tests, but it can also mean more latency and more token spend in real use. GPT-4.1 mini gives you the larger context window at 1M, compared with 200K for o3.

Quick Verdict

Pick o3 if you want the stronger benchmark profile. GPT-4.1 mini only becomes the better choice if instruction following is the priority or you want the cheaper token bill.

Knowledge

GPT-4.1 mini

o3

73.3

GPT-4.1 mini

75.9

86
MMLU
87.5
87
GPQA
64.2
85
SuperGPQA
-
83
OpenBookQA
-
75
MMLU-Pro
-
24
HLE
-

Coding

o3

o3

56

GPT-4.1 mini

23.6

78
HumanEval
-
50
SWE-bench Verified
23.6
40
LiveCodeBench
-

Mathematics

o3

o3

87.1

GPT-4.1 mini

23.1

88
AIME 2023
-
90
AIME 2024
23.1
89
AIME 2025
-
84
HMMT Feb 2023
-
86
HMMT Feb 2024
-
85
HMMT Feb 2025
-
87
BRUMO 2025
-
88
MATH-500
-

Reasoning

o3
84
SimpleQA
-
82
MuSR
-
86
BBH
-

Instruction Following

GPT-4.1 mini

o3

85

GPT-4.1 mini

88.5

85
IFEval
88.5

Multilingual

o3
83
MGSM
-

Frequently Asked Questions

Which is better, o3 or GPT-4.1 mini?

o3 is ahead overall, 76 to 35. The biggest single separator in this matchup is AIME 2024, where the scores are 90 and 23.1.

Which is better for knowledge tasks, o3 or GPT-4.1 mini?

GPT-4.1 mini has the edge for knowledge tasks in this comparison, averaging 75.9 versus 73.3. Inside this category, GPQA is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for coding, o3 or GPT-4.1 mini?

o3 has the edge for coding in this comparison, averaging 56 versus 23.6. Inside this category, SWE-bench Verified is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for math, o3 or GPT-4.1 mini?

o3 has the edge for math in this comparison, averaging 87.1 versus 23.1. Inside this category, AIME 2024 is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for instruction following, o3 or GPT-4.1 mini?

GPT-4.1 mini has the edge for instruction following in this comparison, averaging 88.5 versus 85. Inside this category, IFEval is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Last updated: March 9, 2026

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