GPT-4.1 vs GLM-4.5-Air

Side-by-side benchmark comparison across knowledge, coding, math, and reasoning.

GPT-4.1 is clearly ahead on the aggregate, 43 to 37. The gap is large enough that you do not need to squint at the spreadsheet to see the difference.

GPT-4.1's sharpest advantage is in knowledge, where it averages 78.3 against 31. The single biggest benchmark swing on the page is MMLU, 90.2 to 35. GLM-4.5-Air does hit back in mathematics, so the answer changes if that is the part of the workload you care about most.

GPT-4.1 gives you the larger context window at 1M, compared with 128K for GLM-4.5-Air.

Quick Verdict

Pick GPT-4.1 if you want the stronger benchmark profile. GLM-4.5-Air only becomes the better choice if mathematics is the priority.

Knowledge

GPT-4.1

GPT-4.1

78.3

GLM-4.5-Air

31

90.2
MMLU
35
66.3
GPQA
34
-
SuperGPQA
32
-
OpenBookQA
30
-
MMLU-Pro
51
-
HLE
4

Coding

GPT-4.1

GPT-4.1

54.6

GLM-4.5-Air

19

54.6
SWE-bench Verified
15
-
HumanEval
27
-
LiveCodeBench
15

Mathematics

GLM-4.5-Air

GPT-4.1

26.4

GLM-4.5-Air

36.9

26.4
AIME 2024
37
-
AIME 2023
35
-
AIME 2025
36
-
HMMT Feb 2023
31
-
HMMT Feb 2024
33
-
HMMT Feb 2025
32
-
BRUMO 2025
34
-
MATH-500
57

Reasoning

GLM-4.5-Air
-
SimpleQA
33
-
MuSR
31
-
BBH
63

Instruction Following

GPT-4.1

GPT-4.1

87.4

GLM-4.5-Air

68

87.4
IFEval
68

Multilingual

GLM-4.5-Air
-
MGSM
63

Frequently Asked Questions

Which is better, GPT-4.1 or GLM-4.5-Air?

GPT-4.1 is ahead overall, 43 to 37. The biggest single separator in this matchup is MMLU, where the scores are 90.2 and 35.

Which is better for knowledge tasks, GPT-4.1 or GLM-4.5-Air?

GPT-4.1 has the edge for knowledge tasks in this comparison, averaging 78.3 versus 31. Inside this category, MMLU is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for coding, GPT-4.1 or GLM-4.5-Air?

GPT-4.1 has the edge for coding in this comparison, averaging 54.6 versus 19. Inside this category, SWE-bench Verified is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for math, GPT-4.1 or GLM-4.5-Air?

GLM-4.5-Air has the edge for math in this comparison, averaging 36.9 versus 26.4. Inside this category, AIME 2024 is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for instruction following, GPT-4.1 or GLM-4.5-Air?

GPT-4.1 has the edge for instruction following in this comparison, averaging 87.4 versus 68. Inside this category, IFEval is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Last updated: March 9, 2026

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