o1 vs Step 3.5 Flash

Side-by-side benchmark comparison across agentic, coding, multimodal, knowledge, reasoning, and math workflows.

o1 has the cleaner overall profile here, landing at 68 versus 66. It is a real lead, but still close enough that category-level strengths matter more than the headline number.

o1's sharpest advantage is in knowledge, where it averages 69.6 against 60.8. The single biggest benchmark swing on the page is AIME 2024, 74.3 to 87. Step 3.5 Flash does hit back in mathematics, so the answer changes if that is the part of the workload you care about most.

o1 is also the more expensive model on tokens at $15.00 input / $60.00 output per 1M tokens, versus $0.10 input / $0.30 output per 1M tokens for Step 3.5 Flash. That is roughly 200.0x on output cost alone. o1 is the reasoning model in the pair, while Step 3.5 Flash is not. That usually helps on harder chain-of-thought-heavy tests, but it can also mean more latency and more token spend in real use. Step 3.5 Flash gives you the larger context window at 256K, compared with 200K for o1.

Quick Verdict

Pick o1 if you want the stronger benchmark profile. Step 3.5 Flash only becomes the better choice if mathematics is the priority or you want the cheaper token bill.

Agentic

o1

o1

65.4

Step 3.5 Flash

60.2

66
Terminal-Bench 2.0
62
72
BrowseComp
66
60
OSWorld-Verified
54

Coding

o1

o1

48.4

Step 3.5 Flash

47.1

41
SWE-bench Verified
48
50
SWE-bench Pro
49
Coming soon
HumanEval
77
Coming soon
LiveCodeBench
45

Multimodal & Grounded

o1

o1

70.7

Step 3.5 Flash

66.7

68
MMMU-Pro
64
74
OfficeQA Pro
70

Reasoning

Step 3.5 Flash

o1

78.1

Step 3.5 Flash

78.3

79
LongBench v2
74
77
MRCRv2
73
Coming soon
SimpleQA
82
Coming soon
MuSR
82
Coming soon
BBH
83

Knowledge

o1

o1

69.6

Step 3.5 Flash

60.8

91.8
MMLU
84
75.7
GPQA
83
65
FrontierScience
71
Coming soon
SuperGPQA
81
Coming soon
OpenBookQA
79
Coming soon
MMLU-Pro
76
Coming soon
HLE
12

Instruction Following

o1

o1

92.2

Step 3.5 Flash

87

92.2
IFEval
87

Multilingual

Step 3.5 Flash

o1

77

Step 3.5 Flash

82.8

77
MMLU-ProX
81
Coming soon
MGSM
86

Mathematics

Step 3.5 Flash

o1

74.3

Step 3.5 Flash

84.5

74.3
AIME 2024
87
Coming soon
AIME 2023
85
Coming soon
AIME 2025
86
Coming soon
HMMT Feb 2023
81
Coming soon
HMMT Feb 2024
83
Coming soon
HMMT Feb 2025
82
Coming soon
BRUMO 2025
84
Coming soon
MATH-500
85

Frequently Asked Questions

Which is better, o1 or Step 3.5 Flash?

o1 is ahead overall, 68 to 66. The biggest single separator in this matchup is AIME 2024, where the scores are 74.3 and 87.

Which is better for knowledge tasks, o1 or Step 3.5 Flash?

o1 has the edge for knowledge tasks in this comparison, averaging 69.6 versus 60.8. Inside this category, MMLU is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for coding, o1 or Step 3.5 Flash?

o1 has the edge for coding in this comparison, averaging 48.4 versus 47.1. Inside this category, SWE-bench Verified is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for math, o1 or Step 3.5 Flash?

Step 3.5 Flash has the edge for math in this comparison, averaging 84.5 versus 74.3. Inside this category, AIME 2024 is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for reasoning, o1 or Step 3.5 Flash?

Step 3.5 Flash has the edge for reasoning in this comparison, averaging 78.3 versus 78.1. Inside this category, LongBench v2 is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for agentic tasks, o1 or Step 3.5 Flash?

o1 has the edge for agentic tasks in this comparison, averaging 65.4 versus 60.2. Inside this category, BrowseComp is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for multimodal and grounded tasks, o1 or Step 3.5 Flash?

o1 has the edge for multimodal and grounded tasks in this comparison, averaging 70.7 versus 66.7. Inside this category, MMMU-Pro is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for instruction following, o1 or Step 3.5 Flash?

o1 has the edge for instruction following in this comparison, averaging 92.2 versus 87. Inside this category, IFEval is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for multilingual tasks, o1 or Step 3.5 Flash?

Step 3.5 Flash has the edge for multilingual tasks in this comparison, averaging 82.8 versus 77. Inside this category, MMLU-ProX is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Last updated: March 12, 2026

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