Model comparison
Gemma 4 12B vs o1
Head-to-head evidence from 12 shared benchmark results across 5 categories. Overall scores shown here use the public BenchAlign v5 ranking lane.
Public leaderboard positions: Gemma 4 12B #137 (Estimated); o1 #129 (Estimated). Intervals and evidence labels describe ranking uncertainty, not a guarantee for a specific workload.
Evidence parity. Gemma 4 12B and o1 share 12 comparable benchmark results. 2 of 8 categories are comparable. 11 results are unique to Gemma 4 12B; 4 to o1.
Updated July 23, 2026- Shared results
- 12
- Gemma 4 12B only
- 11
- o1 only
- 4
- Comparable categories
- 2 / 8
Pick o1 if you want the stronger benchmark profile. Gemma 4 12B only becomes the better choice if mathematics is the priority or you need the larger 256K context window.
Confidence note. This is a partial-evidence comparison with 12 shared benchmark results across 5 evidence categories; 2 of 8 categories currently have scoreable aggregates for both models. Treat the verdict as directional until coverage is more balanced.
Why this result
o1 has the cleaner BenchAlign overall profile here, landing at 48.1 versus 47.29. It is a real lead, but still close enough that category-level strengths matter more than the headline number.
Gemma 4 12B gives you the larger context window at 256K, compared with 200K for o1.
Category breakdown
Exact category averages are shown below. Not measured means BenchLM does not have enough sourced public coverage for that model and category.
| Category | Gemma 4 12B | Δ | o1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Math | Gemma 4 12B77.5 | Margin← 68.2 | o19.3 |
| Knowledge | Gemma 4 12B77.5 | Margin← 1.8 | o175.7 |
| Reasoning | Gemma 4 12B43.4 | MarginNo overlap | o1Not measured |
| Multimodal | Gemma 4 12B69.1 | MarginNo overlap | o1Not measured |
| Inst. Following | Gemma 4 12BNot measured | MarginNo overlap | o192.2 |
Decisive benchmark drivers
The largest measured benchmark gaps in this matchup, with exact reported values.
More
- Source ↗
GPQA
KnowledgeA 78.8%B 75.7%Winner: Gemma 4 12BΔ 3.1GPQA: Gemma 4 12B scored 78.8%; o1 scored 75.7%. Gemma 4 12B wins this benchmark.
Operational comparison
Runtime and commercial metrics are compared only when both models have a complete sourced value.
| Metric | Gemma 4 12B | o1 | Comparison |
|---|---|---|---|
| Input / output priceUSD per 1M tokens | Gemma 4 12BNot available | o1$15 input / $60 output | A complete price comparison is not available. |
| Generation speedtokens per second | Gemma 4 12BNot available | o198 tok/s | A complete speed comparison is not available. |
| First-answer latencyseconds to first token | Gemma 4 12BNot available | o132.29 s | A complete latency comparison is not available. |
| Context windowmaximum listed tokens | Gemma 4 12B256K | o1200K | Gemma 4 12B lists the larger context window. |
Benchmark Deep Dive
Agentic1 benchmarks
| Benchmark | Gemma 4 12B | o1 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| τ²-bench resultsSource | 36.3% | 62.6% | o1 leads |
Coding2 benchmarks
Reasoning4 benchmarks
KnowledgeGemma 4 12B wins12 benchmarks
| Benchmark | Gemma 4 12B | o1 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| GPQASource | 78.8% | 75.7% | Gemma 4 12B leads |
| GPQA-DSource | 78.8% | — | Not comparable |
| MMLU-ProSource | 77.2% | — | Not comparable |
| HLE w/o toolsSource | 5.2% | — | Not comparable |
| MMMLUSource | 83.4% | — | Not comparable |
| Artificial Analysis Intelligence IndexSource | 22.0% | 23.4% | o1 leads |
| AA-GPQA DiamondSource | 75.3% | 74.7% | Gemma 4 12B leads |
| AA-HLESource | 14.8% | 7.7% | Gemma 4 12B leads |
| AA-Omniscience IndexSource | -51.9% | -10.5% | o1 leads |
| AA-Omniscience AccuracySource | 16.0% | 34.7% | o1 leads |
| AA-Omniscience Hallucination RateSource | 80.8% | 69.3% | o1 leads |
| MMLUSource | — | 91.8% | Not comparable |
MathGemma 4 12B wins2 benchmarks
Multimodal4 benchmarks
Frequently Asked Questions (3)
Which is better, Gemma 4 12B or o1?
o1 is ahead on BenchLM's BenchAlign leaderboard, 48.1 to 47.29. The biggest single separator in this matchup is GPQA, where the scores are 78.8% and 75.7%.
Which is better for knowledge tasks, Gemma 4 12B or o1?
Gemma 4 12B has the edge for knowledge tasks in this comparison, averaging 77.5 versus 75.7. Inside this category, AA-Omniscience Index is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.
Which is better for math, Gemma 4 12B or o1?
Gemma 4 12B has the edge for math in this comparison, averaging 77.5 versus 9.3. o1 stays close enough that the answer can still flip depending on your workload.
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