GPT-4.1 vs GLM-4.5

Side-by-side benchmark comparison across knowledge, coding, math, and reasoning.

GPT-4.1 is clearly ahead on the aggregate, 43 to 38. The gap is large enough that you do not need to squint at the spreadsheet to see the difference.

GPT-4.1's sharpest advantage is in knowledge, where it averages 78.3 against 32.2. The single biggest benchmark swing on the page is MMLU, 90.2 to 37. GLM-4.5 does hit back in mathematics, so the answer changes if that is the part of the workload you care about most.

GPT-4.1 gives you the larger context window at 1M, compared with 128K for GLM-4.5.

Quick Verdict

Pick GPT-4.1 if you want the stronger benchmark profile. GLM-4.5 only becomes the better choice if mathematics is the priority.

Knowledge

GPT-4.1

GPT-4.1

78.3

GLM-4.5

32.2

90.2
MMLU
37
66.3
GPQA
36
-
SuperGPQA
34
-
OpenBookQA
32
-
MMLU-Pro
51
-
HLE
3

Coding

GPT-4.1

GPT-4.1

54.6

GLM-4.5

20

54.6
SWE-bench Verified
18
-
HumanEval
29
-
LiveCodeBench
13

Mathematics

GLM-4.5

GPT-4.1

26.4

GLM-4.5

38.6

26.4
AIME 2024
39
-
AIME 2023
37
-
AIME 2025
38
-
HMMT Feb 2023
33
-
HMMT Feb 2024
35
-
HMMT Feb 2025
34
-
BRUMO 2025
36
-
MATH-500
57

Reasoning

GLM-4.5
-
SimpleQA
35
-
MuSR
33
-
BBH
61

Instruction Following

GPT-4.1

GPT-4.1

87.4

GLM-4.5

68

87.4
IFEval
68

Multilingual

GLM-4.5
-
MGSM
60

Frequently Asked Questions

Which is better, GPT-4.1 or GLM-4.5?

GPT-4.1 is ahead overall, 43 to 38. The biggest single separator in this matchup is MMLU, where the scores are 90.2 and 37.

Which is better for knowledge tasks, GPT-4.1 or GLM-4.5?

GPT-4.1 has the edge for knowledge tasks in this comparison, averaging 78.3 versus 32.2. Inside this category, MMLU is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for coding, GPT-4.1 or GLM-4.5?

GPT-4.1 has the edge for coding in this comparison, averaging 54.6 versus 20. Inside this category, SWE-bench Verified is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for math, GPT-4.1 or GLM-4.5?

GLM-4.5 has the edge for math in this comparison, averaging 38.6 versus 26.4. Inside this category, AIME 2024 is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Which is better for instruction following, GPT-4.1 or GLM-4.5?

GPT-4.1 has the edge for instruction following in this comparison, averaging 87.4 versus 68. Inside this category, IFEval is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.

Last updated: March 9, 2026

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