Side-by-side benchmark comparison across knowledge, coding, math, and reasoning.
GPT-4.1 has the cleaner overall profile here, landing at 43 versus 40. It is a real lead, but still close enough that category-level strengths matter more than the headline number.
GPT-4.1's sharpest advantage is in knowledge, where it averages 78.3 against 35.3. The single biggest benchmark swing on the page is MMLU, 90.2 to 41. Nova Pro does hit back in mathematics, so the answer changes if that is the part of the workload you care about most.
GPT-4.1 gives you the larger context window at 1M, compared with 128K for Nova Pro.
Pick GPT-4.1 if you want the stronger benchmark profile. Nova Pro only becomes the better choice if mathematics is the priority.
GPT-4.1
78.3
Nova Pro
35.3
GPT-4.1
54.6
Nova Pro
22
GPT-4.1
26.4
Nova Pro
42.4
GPT-4.1
87.4
Nova Pro
66
GPT-4.1 is ahead overall, 43 to 40. The biggest single separator in this matchup is MMLU, where the scores are 90.2 and 41.
GPT-4.1 has the edge for knowledge tasks in this comparison, averaging 78.3 versus 35.3. Inside this category, MMLU is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.
GPT-4.1 has the edge for coding in this comparison, averaging 54.6 versus 22. Inside this category, SWE-bench Verified is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.
Nova Pro has the edge for math in this comparison, averaging 42.4 versus 26.4. Inside this category, AIME 2024 is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.
GPT-4.1 has the edge for instruction following in this comparison, averaging 87.4 versus 66. Inside this category, IFEval is the benchmark that creates the most daylight between them.
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